The Roman Empire
Questions P.165
1.
Civil War - Conflict between groups within the same state/country
Julius Caesar - Military leader who joined forces with Crassus and Pompey to get himself elected consul. Would dominate Rome as part of a triumvirate. Eventually would drive out Crassus and Pompey to make himself emperor. Would soon after be killed by senators to stop his grow of power.
Triumvirate - Group of three rulers.
Augustus - "Exalted one"; name given to Octavian after he restored some aspects of the republic after he regained control of the empire from Caesar's killers, then, with Mark Antony becoming a rival, defeated him and Cleopatra as to stop a supposed plot to gain rule over Rome.
Pax Romana - "Roman Peace"; Period of peace and prosperity after the civil wars.
3.
With growing wealth and borders, growing discontent among the lower classes of society resulted, along with a breakdown in military order. Small farms could not compete with large estates forcing them to sell their land and become homeless, migrant workers.
4.
The main reasons for Rome's success in holding such a large empire is mainly due to its efficient government and their able leaders. These leaders would stabilize frontiers, glorify Rome with splendid architecture, and prop up the government with new, improved systems. Along with their vast empire, leaders would also construct great roads to connect the empire from East to West.
5
To distract and control the masses of Rome, the government provided free games, races, mock battles, and gladiator contests. By 250 A.D. there were 150 holidays a year (That's a holiday about every 2 days). With all these events, it would be hard to not be distracted after all.
Tuesday, April 30, 2019
Monday, April 29, 2019
Rome Day 2
The Roman Republic
Questions P. 159
1.
Republic - Form of government, in which power rests with the citizens, which the Romans used during the years before the empire.
Patrician - Wealthy landowners who held most of the power, like the aristocrats of Greece.
Plebeian - The common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up a majority of the population.
Tribune - Representatives elected by the plebeians that would protect their rights from unfair acts of the upper class patricians.
Consul - One of two officials that acted like kings for the republic, commanding the army and directing the government, but having limited power with terms only lasting a year.
Senate - Aristocratic branch of Rome's government, preforming legislative and administrative functions with 300 members from Rome's upper class. Later Plebeians were allowed in.
Dictator - Leader with absolute power to make laws and command the army. Appointed in times of a crisis with their power only lasting 6 months. Chosen by the consuls and elected by the senate.
Legion - Large military units in which Roman soldiers were organized into. Made of 5,000 heavily armed infantry, with supporting cavalry group.
Punic Wars - Long struggle involving multiple wars between Rome and Carthage between 264 B.C. and 146 B.C.
Hannibal - 29-year-old Carthaginian general who was the mastermind behind the Second Punic War. Brilliant military strategist who wanted to avenge Carthage's defeat in the First Punic War.
3.
The limitations on a consuls power were as follows; Terms lasted only one year, after being in term you would have to wait ten years to run again. The consuls could also overrule one of the other's decisions.
4.
The significance of the Twelve Tables is that Roman law was finally set in stone (literally). Previously to the Twelve Tables, Roman law was up to interpretation and mainly retained through word of mouth. This means judges could interpret the laws to suit themselves and unfairly act upon someone. With the laws written, and hung in the Forum, it became what would establish the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law.
5.
Hannibal's attack on Rome was daring and different because rather than going straight for his main objective, he lead a long trek from Spain across France through the Alps. This lead to him being able to move his forces freely up and down the Italian peninsula for more than a decade. He would see great victories in which he would inflict heavy losses on the Roman army. Although he was close, the Roman army was able to regroup and prevent him from capturing Rome.
Questions P. 159
1.
Republic - Form of government, in which power rests with the citizens, which the Romans used during the years before the empire.
Patrician - Wealthy landowners who held most of the power, like the aristocrats of Greece.
Plebeian - The common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up a majority of the population.
Tribune - Representatives elected by the plebeians that would protect their rights from unfair acts of the upper class patricians.
Consul - One of two officials that acted like kings for the republic, commanding the army and directing the government, but having limited power with terms only lasting a year.
Senate - Aristocratic branch of Rome's government, preforming legislative and administrative functions with 300 members from Rome's upper class. Later Plebeians were allowed in.
Dictator - Leader with absolute power to make laws and command the army. Appointed in times of a crisis with their power only lasting 6 months. Chosen by the consuls and elected by the senate.
Legion - Large military units in which Roman soldiers were organized into. Made of 5,000 heavily armed infantry, with supporting cavalry group.
Punic Wars - Long struggle involving multiple wars between Rome and Carthage between 264 B.C. and 146 B.C.
Hannibal - 29-year-old Carthaginian general who was the mastermind behind the Second Punic War. Brilliant military strategist who wanted to avenge Carthage's defeat in the First Punic War.
3.
The limitations on a consuls power were as follows; Terms lasted only one year, after being in term you would have to wait ten years to run again. The consuls could also overrule one of the other's decisions.
4.
The significance of the Twelve Tables is that Roman law was finally set in stone (literally). Previously to the Twelve Tables, Roman law was up to interpretation and mainly retained through word of mouth. This means judges could interpret the laws to suit themselves and unfairly act upon someone. With the laws written, and hung in the Forum, it became what would establish the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law.
5.
Hannibal's attack on Rome was daring and different because rather than going straight for his main objective, he lead a long trek from Spain across France through the Alps. This lead to him being able to move his forces freely up and down the Italian peninsula for more than a decade. He would see great victories in which he would inflict heavy losses on the Roman army. Although he was close, the Roman army was able to regroup and prevent him from capturing Rome.
Friday, April 26, 2019
Rome Day 1
ROME TIMELINE 500 B.C.- 500 A.D. :
509 B.C. - Rome becomes a republic.
264 B.C. - First Punic War begins.
218 B.C. - In the Second Punic War, Hannibal invades Italy.
31 B.C. - Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra.
284 A.D. - Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome.
476 A.D. - Western Roman Empire falls.
MAIN IDEAS:
Power and Authority- Rome becomes a republic, a form of government in which elected officials represent the people. However, Emperors, absolute rulers, would eventually gain power and expand the Roman Empire.
Empire Building- At its peak, the Roman Empire touched three continents; Europe, Asia, and Africa. For several countries, the Roman Empire would bring peace and prosperity til the eventual collapse of the Roman Empire, and in others, maybe not so much.
Religion and Ethical Systems- Out of Judea rose a monotheistic, single-god, religion known as Christianity. Based on teachings from Jesus of Nazareth, it would soon spread throughout the Roman Empire and soon, throughout the world eventually becoming the world' largest religion.
Chapter 1 - The Roman Republic:
The Origins of Rome-
According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in 573 B.C. by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of the god Mars, and a Latin princess. The twins were abandoned on the Tiber river as infants and raised by a she-wolf. The twins decided to build a city near the spot. In reality it was men not immortals who chose the spot, and they did so mainly due to its strategic location and fertile soil.
Rome's Geography-
Rome was built on seven rolling hills (namely one, Palatine Hill at the beginning) at a curve on the Tiber River, near the center of the Italian peninsula. Also being located near the center of the Mediterranean Sea.
The First Romans-
The Earliest Settlers on the Italian Peninsula came in prehistoric times, but from about 1000 to 500 B.C., three groups inhabited the region and eventually battled for control. These groups were the Latins, the Greeks, and the Etruscans. The Latins (considered to be the first Romans) were the original ones who built Rome, which was originally a cluster of wooden huts built atop the Palatine Hill. Between 750 and 600 B.C., the Greeks established colonies along southern Italy and Sicily. The cities became prosperous and commercially active. These cities brought all of Italy into closer contact with Greek civilization. The Etruscans were native to northern Italy. They were skilled metalworkers and engineers. They strongly influenced the development of Roman civilization. They had a system of writing, that the Romans would adopt their alphabet. Also influenced Roman architecture, especially through the use of the arch.
The Early Republic-
Around 600 B.C., an Etruscan became king of Rome. In the following decades, Rome grew from a collection of hilltop villages to a city that covered nearly 500 square miles. Various kings ordered the construction of Rome's first temples and public centers; the most famous of which was the Forum, the heart of Roman political life. The last king of Rome was Tarquin the Proud. A harsh tyrant, eventually driven from power in 509 B.C. The Romans declared they would not be ruled by a King ever again. Instead, they established a republic, from the Latin phrase res publica, which means "public affairs." A republic is a form of government which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. Although, the only people who could vote were free-born male citizens.
Patricians and Plebeians-
In the early republic, groups of Romans struggled for power. One group was the patricians, the wealthy landowners who held most of the power. The other important group was the plebeians, the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population.Patricians inherited their power and social status. Making claims that their ancestry gave them the authority to make laws for Rome. The plebeians were the citizens of Rome with the right to vote. However, they were barred from holding most important government positions. In time, Rome's leaders allowed the plebeians to form their own assembly and elect representatives called tribunes. Tribunes protected the rights of plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials.
Twelve Tables-
Carved, stone tablets containing Rome's laws. Began in 451 B.C. when a group of ten officials began writing down Rome's laws. Became hung in the forum and later the basis for all Roman laws and the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law. Previously, with the laws unwritten, laws were up to interpretation from unfair patrician leaders.
Government Under the Republic-
Rome had two officials called consuls. Like kings, they commanded the army and directed the government. However, their power was limited. Their terms lasted for only one year and they could not be elected again for another ten years. Also, one consul could always overrule the other's decisions. The senate was the aristocratic branch of Rome's government. Made from three-hundred members of Rome's upper class, it worked in legislative and administrative functions. Although, later plebeians would be allowed in. Senate exercised great influence over both foreign and domestic policy. The more democratic side was represented by the assemblies. For example, an assembly organized by the plebeians, the Tribal Assembly, elected the tribunes and make laws for the common people, and later the republic itself. In times of crisis, the republic could appoint a dictator; a leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army. Power only lasted for six months. Would be chosen by the consuls and elected by the senate. Through this Rome's government had aspects of other government like monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.
The Roman Army-
In addition to their government, Romans placed great value on the military. All citizens who owned land were required to serve. Seekers of certain public offices had to preform ten years of military service. Roman Soldiers were organized into large military units called legions. A Roman legion was made up of some five-thousand heavily armed infantry. A group of cavalry would support each legion. Legions were divided into centuries, made up of eighty men. The organization and skill of this army were key factors in Rome's rise to greatness.
Rome Spreads Its Power
For hundreds of years after the founding of the republic, Rome sought to expand its territories through trade and conquest
Rome Conquers Italy-
Eventually, Romans would come to defeat the Etruscans in the north and the Greek city-states in the south. This lead to them having complete control of all of Italy.
Rome's Commercial Network-
Rome's location gave easy access to the riches of the lands ringing in the Mediterranean Sea. Roman merchants, moving by land and sea, traded Roman wine and olive oil for a variety of foods, raw materials, and manufactured goods. However, other large and powerful cities interfered with Roman trade. One such city was Carthage. Once a colony of Phoenicia, Carthage was located on a peninsula on the North African coast. Its rise to power soon put it in direct opposition with Rome leading to...
War with Carthage-
In 264 B.C. Rome and Carthage went to war. This would be the beginning of the long struggle known as the Punic Wars. Between 264 and 146 B.C., Rome and Carthage fought three wars. The first, ending in the defeat of Carthage, was for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean, lasting twenty-three years (264-241 B.C.). The Second Punic War began in 218 B.C. The mastermind was twenty-nine-year-old Carthaginian general, Hannibal. Hannibal was a brilliant military strategist who seeked vengeance for Carthage's earlier defeat. Hannibal's army of fifty-thousand infantry, nine-thousand cavalry, and sixty elephants was intent on capturing Rome. Instead of attack head on they became in Spain to France to the Alps. Despite losing more than half his men and most of his elephants, the move initially worked. For more than a decade, he and his army marched up and down the Italian peninsula at will. His greatest victory was won at Cannae in 216 B.C. There he and his army inflicted massive losses on the Romans. However, the Romans regrouped and with the aid of allies stood firm, preventing Hannibal from capturing his main objective, Rome.
Rome Triumphs-
Eventually, the Romans found a daring military leader to match Hannibal's boldness. General Scipio devised a plan to attack Carthage. The strategy would force Hannibal to return to Carthage to defend his native city. In 202 B.C., at Zama near Carthage, The Romans would finally defeat Hannibal. During the Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.), Rome laid siege to Carthage. In 146 B.C., the city was set afire and its fifty-thousand inhabitants sold into slavery, with its territory being made into a Roman province. Rome's victories in the Punic Wars gave it dominance over the Western Mediterranean. The Romans went on to conquer the eastern half. By about 70 B.C., Rome's Mediterranean stretched from Anatolia (what is modern day Turkey/Asia Minor) in the east to Spain in the west. However, such growth and power brought with it a all new set of difficulties.
509 B.C. - Rome becomes a republic.
264 B.C. - First Punic War begins.
218 B.C. - In the Second Punic War, Hannibal invades Italy.
31 B.C. - Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra.
284 A.D. - Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome.
476 A.D. - Western Roman Empire falls.
MAIN IDEAS:
Power and Authority- Rome becomes a republic, a form of government in which elected officials represent the people. However, Emperors, absolute rulers, would eventually gain power and expand the Roman Empire.
Empire Building- At its peak, the Roman Empire touched three continents; Europe, Asia, and Africa. For several countries, the Roman Empire would bring peace and prosperity til the eventual collapse of the Roman Empire, and in others, maybe not so much.
Religion and Ethical Systems- Out of Judea rose a monotheistic, single-god, religion known as Christianity. Based on teachings from Jesus of Nazareth, it would soon spread throughout the Roman Empire and soon, throughout the world eventually becoming the world' largest religion.
Chapter 1 - The Roman Republic:
The Origins of Rome-
According to legend, the city of Rome was founded in 573 B.C. by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of the god Mars, and a Latin princess. The twins were abandoned on the Tiber river as infants and raised by a she-wolf. The twins decided to build a city near the spot. In reality it was men not immortals who chose the spot, and they did so mainly due to its strategic location and fertile soil.
Rome's Geography-
Rome was built on seven rolling hills (namely one, Palatine Hill at the beginning) at a curve on the Tiber River, near the center of the Italian peninsula. Also being located near the center of the Mediterranean Sea.
The First Romans-
The Earliest Settlers on the Italian Peninsula came in prehistoric times, but from about 1000 to 500 B.C., three groups inhabited the region and eventually battled for control. These groups were the Latins, the Greeks, and the Etruscans. The Latins (considered to be the first Romans) were the original ones who built Rome, which was originally a cluster of wooden huts built atop the Palatine Hill. Between 750 and 600 B.C., the Greeks established colonies along southern Italy and Sicily. The cities became prosperous and commercially active. These cities brought all of Italy into closer contact with Greek civilization. The Etruscans were native to northern Italy. They were skilled metalworkers and engineers. They strongly influenced the development of Roman civilization. They had a system of writing, that the Romans would adopt their alphabet. Also influenced Roman architecture, especially through the use of the arch.
The Early Republic-
Around 600 B.C., an Etruscan became king of Rome. In the following decades, Rome grew from a collection of hilltop villages to a city that covered nearly 500 square miles. Various kings ordered the construction of Rome's first temples and public centers; the most famous of which was the Forum, the heart of Roman political life. The last king of Rome was Tarquin the Proud. A harsh tyrant, eventually driven from power in 509 B.C. The Romans declared they would not be ruled by a King ever again. Instead, they established a republic, from the Latin phrase res publica, which means "public affairs." A republic is a form of government which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. Although, the only people who could vote were free-born male citizens.
Patricians and Plebeians-
In the early republic, groups of Romans struggled for power. One group was the patricians, the wealthy landowners who held most of the power. The other important group was the plebeians, the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the population.Patricians inherited their power and social status. Making claims that their ancestry gave them the authority to make laws for Rome. The plebeians were the citizens of Rome with the right to vote. However, they were barred from holding most important government positions. In time, Rome's leaders allowed the plebeians to form their own assembly and elect representatives called tribunes. Tribunes protected the rights of plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials.
Twelve Tables-
Carved, stone tablets containing Rome's laws. Began in 451 B.C. when a group of ten officials began writing down Rome's laws. Became hung in the forum and later the basis for all Roman laws and the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law. Previously, with the laws unwritten, laws were up to interpretation from unfair patrician leaders.
Government Under the Republic-
Rome had two officials called consuls. Like kings, they commanded the army and directed the government. However, their power was limited. Their terms lasted for only one year and they could not be elected again for another ten years. Also, one consul could always overrule the other's decisions. The senate was the aristocratic branch of Rome's government. Made from three-hundred members of Rome's upper class, it worked in legislative and administrative functions. Although, later plebeians would be allowed in. Senate exercised great influence over both foreign and domestic policy. The more democratic side was represented by the assemblies. For example, an assembly organized by the plebeians, the Tribal Assembly, elected the tribunes and make laws for the common people, and later the republic itself. In times of crisis, the republic could appoint a dictator; a leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army. Power only lasted for six months. Would be chosen by the consuls and elected by the senate. Through this Rome's government had aspects of other government like monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.
The Roman Army-
In addition to their government, Romans placed great value on the military. All citizens who owned land were required to serve. Seekers of certain public offices had to preform ten years of military service. Roman Soldiers were organized into large military units called legions. A Roman legion was made up of some five-thousand heavily armed infantry. A group of cavalry would support each legion. Legions were divided into centuries, made up of eighty men. The organization and skill of this army were key factors in Rome's rise to greatness.
Rome Spreads Its Power
For hundreds of years after the founding of the republic, Rome sought to expand its territories through trade and conquest
Rome Conquers Italy-
Eventually, Romans would come to defeat the Etruscans in the north and the Greek city-states in the south. This lead to them having complete control of all of Italy.
Rome's Commercial Network-
Rome's location gave easy access to the riches of the lands ringing in the Mediterranean Sea. Roman merchants, moving by land and sea, traded Roman wine and olive oil for a variety of foods, raw materials, and manufactured goods. However, other large and powerful cities interfered with Roman trade. One such city was Carthage. Once a colony of Phoenicia, Carthage was located on a peninsula on the North African coast. Its rise to power soon put it in direct opposition with Rome leading to...
War with Carthage-
In 264 B.C. Rome and Carthage went to war. This would be the beginning of the long struggle known as the Punic Wars. Between 264 and 146 B.C., Rome and Carthage fought three wars. The first, ending in the defeat of Carthage, was for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean, lasting twenty-three years (264-241 B.C.). The Second Punic War began in 218 B.C. The mastermind was twenty-nine-year-old Carthaginian general, Hannibal. Hannibal was a brilliant military strategist who seeked vengeance for Carthage's earlier defeat. Hannibal's army of fifty-thousand infantry, nine-thousand cavalry, and sixty elephants was intent on capturing Rome. Instead of attack head on they became in Spain to France to the Alps. Despite losing more than half his men and most of his elephants, the move initially worked. For more than a decade, he and his army marched up and down the Italian peninsula at will. His greatest victory was won at Cannae in 216 B.C. There he and his army inflicted massive losses on the Romans. However, the Romans regrouped and with the aid of allies stood firm, preventing Hannibal from capturing his main objective, Rome.
Rome Triumphs-
Eventually, the Romans found a daring military leader to match Hannibal's boldness. General Scipio devised a plan to attack Carthage. The strategy would force Hannibal to return to Carthage to defend his native city. In 202 B.C., at Zama near Carthage, The Romans would finally defeat Hannibal. During the Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.), Rome laid siege to Carthage. In 146 B.C., the city was set afire and its fifty-thousand inhabitants sold into slavery, with its territory being made into a Roman province. Rome's victories in the Punic Wars gave it dominance over the Western Mediterranean. The Romans went on to conquer the eastern half. By about 70 B.C., Rome's Mediterranean stretched from Anatolia (what is modern day Turkey/Asia Minor) in the east to Spain in the west. However, such growth and power brought with it a all new set of difficulties.
Tuesday, April 23, 2019
News
Okay so basically, I got a 98 on the test which is pretty nice. Missed only 1 question and what I screwed up was a singular multiple choice. On the bad end of things, Mr. Schick is going into surgery and will be missing for about the next two weeks. In this time we will be starting our Roman unit. We are going to have to teach ourselves everything from the book with a sub. That is all. I am also posting again, which is more good news.
Tuesday, April 9, 2019
Section 5 Answers
1.
Hellenistic- Culture made up of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences.
Alexandria- Egyptian City that became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.
Located on a strategic point on the western part of the Nile delta.
Euclid- Highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria. Work is still basis for courses in geometry.
Archimedes- Hellenistic Scientist who studied at Alexandria. Gifted in geometry and physics. Accurately estimated value of Pi. Invented the Archimedes screw and the compound pulley. Ideas set the basis for other Hellenistic Scientists to build the force pump, pneumatic machines, and a steam engine.
Colossus of Rhodes- Bronze statue standing more than 100 feet in Alexandria. One of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Toppled by earth quake in 225 BC. Bronze was later sold for scrap.
2.
Probably Archimedes' inventions. Without them people would probably be still a lot more primitive and his work led to even greater inventions that our society during the industrial revolution would be based on and rely on.
3.
Materials were just pouring in from all over the place and with them came people from far away lands with different cultures. In the process the materials brought would build machines and buildings that would either get spread to these lands or represent these lands in Alexandria.
4.
Euclid's geometry was more than likely used to calculate all things astronomy and his work would help accurately estimate and chart this work.
5.
They both focus on teaching that people should not follow things they are not in control of, but rather follow their human desires and what they can control.
Hellenistic- Culture made up of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences.
Alexandria- Egyptian City that became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.
Located on a strategic point on the western part of the Nile delta.
Euclid- Highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria. Work is still basis for courses in geometry.
Archimedes- Hellenistic Scientist who studied at Alexandria. Gifted in geometry and physics. Accurately estimated value of Pi. Invented the Archimedes screw and the compound pulley. Ideas set the basis for other Hellenistic Scientists to build the force pump, pneumatic machines, and a steam engine.
Colossus of Rhodes- Bronze statue standing more than 100 feet in Alexandria. One of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Toppled by earth quake in 225 BC. Bronze was later sold for scrap.
2.
Probably Archimedes' inventions. Without them people would probably be still a lot more primitive and his work led to even greater inventions that our society during the industrial revolution would be based on and rely on.
3.
Materials were just pouring in from all over the place and with them came people from far away lands with different cultures. In the process the materials brought would build machines and buildings that would either get spread to these lands or represent these lands in Alexandria.
4.
Euclid's geometry was more than likely used to calculate all things astronomy and his work would help accurately estimate and chart this work.
5.
They both focus on teaching that people should not follow things they are not in control of, but rather follow their human desires and what they can control.
Monday, April 8, 2019
Sections 3 & 4 Answers
Section 3:
1.
Direct Democracy- A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives.
Classical Art- Art meant to portray ideal beauty, not realism. Values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion.
Tragedy- A series drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal. Featured a main character known as a tragic hero; whose downfall would be a tragic flaw.
Comedy- Plays containing scenes with slapstick and crude humor. Often made fun of politics, respected people, and ideas of the time.
Peloponnesian War- Great war between Athens and Sparta (and some proxy states); Named after peninsula where Sparta is located. Spartan Victory.
Philosopher- Meaning "Lover of Wisdom". (Greek, at the time) Thinkers who based their philosophy on two assumption;
* The Universe is put together in an orderly way, and subject to absolute and unchanging laws.
* People can understand these laws through logic and reason
Socrates- Critic of the Sophists. Believed that absolute standards did exist truth justice. Encouraged Greeks to go further and question themselves and their moral character.
Plato- Student of Socrates, who set forth his vision of a perfectly governed society in his famous work, The Republic.
Aristotle- Pupil of Plato, who questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge. Invented a method for arguing according to rules of logic. Work became basis of the scientific method used today.
2.
Strengthen Democracy- Without Pericles' pursuit for a stronger democracy we might not have had anything like the democratic systems we have today.
3.
Pericles increased the number of public officials who were paid salaries. Introduced direct democracy where any citizen could have a say in rule.
4.
Athen's strategy was to avoid land battles with the Spartan and wait for an opportunity to strike from the seas. Spartan strategy was to march into Athens, undetermined.
5.
I believe that the Athenians were just new to the idea of going away from tradition to think for themselves, think logically and that the gods weren't the reason behind everything.
Section 4:
1.
Philip II- Macedonian who dreamed of taking control of Greece and then moving against Persia to seize its vast wealth wealth.
Macedonia- Kingdom located just north of Greece with rough terrain and cold climate. Looked down upon by Greece/Greeks.
Alexander The Great- Son of Philip II who went on a great, unstopping conquest across the empires east of Greece.
Darius III- Persian King in power at the time of Alexander's great conquest.
2.
The Persian Conquest. So much territory and culture seized through the conquest and all of it added to the Greek Empire. The significance of a small kingdom toppling the great Persian Empire.
3.
Philip II was able to conquer Greece when the city states were weak and disorganized.
4.
Because his father told him to build a greater, larger empire, meant for Alexander, because he was destined for it (deserved it)
5.
It was split between three of his high commanders who couldn't agree on how to rule/divide it.
1.
Direct Democracy- A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives.
Classical Art- Art meant to portray ideal beauty, not realism. Values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion.
Tragedy- A series drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal. Featured a main character known as a tragic hero; whose downfall would be a tragic flaw.
Comedy- Plays containing scenes with slapstick and crude humor. Often made fun of politics, respected people, and ideas of the time.
Peloponnesian War- Great war between Athens and Sparta (and some proxy states); Named after peninsula where Sparta is located. Spartan Victory.
Philosopher- Meaning "Lover of Wisdom". (Greek, at the time) Thinkers who based their philosophy on two assumption;
* The Universe is put together in an orderly way, and subject to absolute and unchanging laws.
* People can understand these laws through logic and reason
Socrates- Critic of the Sophists. Believed that absolute standards did exist truth justice. Encouraged Greeks to go further and question themselves and their moral character.
Plato- Student of Socrates, who set forth his vision of a perfectly governed society in his famous work, The Republic.
Aristotle- Pupil of Plato, who questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge. Invented a method for arguing according to rules of logic. Work became basis of the scientific method used today.
2.
Strengthen Democracy- Without Pericles' pursuit for a stronger democracy we might not have had anything like the democratic systems we have today.
3.
Pericles increased the number of public officials who were paid salaries. Introduced direct democracy where any citizen could have a say in rule.
4.
Athen's strategy was to avoid land battles with the Spartan and wait for an opportunity to strike from the seas. Spartan strategy was to march into Athens, undetermined.
5.
I believe that the Athenians were just new to the idea of going away from tradition to think for themselves, think logically and that the gods weren't the reason behind everything.
Section 4:
1.
Philip II- Macedonian who dreamed of taking control of Greece and then moving against Persia to seize its vast wealth wealth.
Macedonia- Kingdom located just north of Greece with rough terrain and cold climate. Looked down upon by Greece/Greeks.
Alexander The Great- Son of Philip II who went on a great, unstopping conquest across the empires east of Greece.
Darius III- Persian King in power at the time of Alexander's great conquest.
2.
The Persian Conquest. So much territory and culture seized through the conquest and all of it added to the Greek Empire. The significance of a small kingdom toppling the great Persian Empire.
3.
Philip II was able to conquer Greece when the city states were weak and disorganized.
4.
Because his father told him to build a greater, larger empire, meant for Alexander, because he was destined for it (deserved it)
5.
It was split between three of his high commanders who couldn't agree on how to rule/divide it.
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