Sections 3 & 4 Answers

Section 3:
1.
Direct Democracy- A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives.
Classical Art- Art meant to portray ideal beauty, not realism. Values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion.
Tragedy- A series drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal. Featured a main character known as a tragic hero; whose downfall would be a tragic flaw.
Comedy- Plays containing scenes with slapstick and crude humor. Often made fun of politics, respected people, and ideas of the time.
Peloponnesian War- Great war between Athens and Sparta (and some proxy states); Named after peninsula where Sparta is located. Spartan Victory.
Philosopher- Meaning "Lover of Wisdom". (Greek, at the time) Thinkers who based their philosophy on two assumption;
* The Universe is put together in an orderly way, and subject to absolute and unchanging laws.
* People can understand these laws through logic and reason
Socrates- Critic of the Sophists. Believed that absolute standards did exist truth justice. Encouraged Greeks to go further and question themselves and their moral character.
Plato- Student of Socrates, who set forth his vision of a perfectly governed society in his famous work, The Republic.
Aristotle- Pupil of Plato, who questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge. Invented a method for arguing according to rules of logic. Work became basis of the scientific method used today.
2.
 Strengthen Democracy- Without Pericles' pursuit for a stronger democracy we might not have had anything like the democratic systems we have today.
3.
Pericles increased the number of public officials who were paid salaries. Introduced direct democracy where any citizen could have a say in rule.
4.
Athen's strategy was to avoid land battles with the Spartan and wait for an opportunity to strike from the seas. Spartan strategy was to march into Athens, undetermined.
5.
I believe that the Athenians were just new to the idea of going away from tradition to think for themselves, think logically and that the gods weren't the reason behind everything.

Section 4:
1.
Philip II- Macedonian who dreamed of taking control of Greece and then moving against Persia to seize its vast wealth wealth.
Macedonia- Kingdom located just north of Greece with rough terrain and cold climate. Looked down upon by Greece/Greeks.
Alexander The Great- Son of Philip II who went on a great, unstopping conquest across the empires east of Greece.
Darius III- Persian King in power at the time of Alexander's great conquest.
2.
The Persian Conquest. So much territory and culture seized through the conquest and all of it added to the Greek Empire. The significance of a small kingdom toppling the great Persian Empire.
3.
Philip II was able to conquer Greece when the city states were weak and disorganized.
4.
Because his father told him to build a greater, larger empire, meant for Alexander, because he was destined for it (deserved it)
5.
It was split between three of his high commanders who couldn't agree on how to rule/divide it.